ABSTRACT
“Deepfake” videos and images are a concept where the face of an individual within an image or video is replaced with someone else’s, using machine learning and neural network application. These Deepfakes may be used to engage in various unlawful and unethical behaviours, such as political disinformation, un-consensual pornography, financial fraud and extortion. The introduction of Deepfakes has brought about many changes to how we should view videos, as it proves that not everything should be trusted at face value. Here we highlight the issues and problems that come with Deepfakes, as well as describe the technology which is used in the creation of these, and the technological and legal measures which can be used to combat them in the future within Smart Cities.
