ABSTRACT
This chapter deals with sustainability and water quality recovery for which the following scope is defined, which is to present a brief overview of water resources in Brazil and the world, and strengthens the right of everyone to access drinking water. It demonstrates the relevance of integrated and participative management, emphasizes Brazilian scenario and exposes some innovative technologies of environmental sanitation. The sustainability is presented as a need to preserve the quantity and quality of water as a universal right. In Brazil, one of the greatest advances in the field of water resources policies observed in recent decades concerns the systemic and participatory character of management, through the Hydrographic Basin Committees. Until the twentieth century middle, water resource contamination was mainly originated by sanitary sewage and also by inorganic salts emission from industrial wastewaters, this started to change dramatically with the use of synthetic organic molecules for a wide range of purposes.
