ABSTRACT
This chapter presents methods for measuring the refractive index (RI) of biological tissues and blood and their components in a wide range of wavelengths. The advantages and disadvantages of these methods are analyzed. The data for RIs of various biological tissues and blood components measured in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo in a wide spectral range are summarized. The RI kinetics during immersion optical clearing (OC) of tissues and blood are analyzed. The chapter also describes RI measurements of optical clearing agents (OCAs) using THz pulse spectroscopy.
