ABSTRACT
Pharmaceutical nanomaterials have a great potential in drug delivery, because of their inherent and unique advantages, such as versatility and multiple modalities. In pharmaceutical sciences, significant research has been carried out in using liposomes, micelles, microemulsions, lipopolymers, and polymeric dendrimers as nanoparticulate drug delivery systems (NanoDDSs) and drug nanocrystals as nanoparticles (NPs). NanoDDSs and NPs are frequently utilized to alter the biopharmaceutical disposition of a drug. NPs behave differently in the pharmacokinetic parameters of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination compared to the dissolved API. Particle size of NPs affects their distribution and clearance through size-dependent extravasation, which may be followed by tissue retention. Extravasation, a process of NPs exiting the bloodstream through porous endothelia, is a result of the unique vascular architecture of tumor tissues. NPs and NanoDDSs can be used to improve the rate and extent of oral drug absorption.
