ABSTRACT
Learners’ motivation to learn a foreign language is a complex, dynamic process. Most theoretical models and researchers suggest that learners’ motivation is not stable but dynamically changing over time as a result of personal progress as well as multi-level interactions with environmental factors and other individuals. Both teachers and learners engage in interactive relationships in the classroom. Teachers need to understand the complex sequence of events that lead them to initiate and maintain learners’ motivation. Nowadays, teachers and learners are coming into the Education 4.0 era, where humans and technology are aligned to enable new possibilities, including those in the teaching-learning process. This paper aims to generate some ideas about initiating and maintaining students’ motivation in foreign language learning in the Education 4.0 era through a number of steps: first, theories of motivation are reviewed; second, the context of Education 4.0 on is discussed; and third, practical ways of initiating and maintaining motivation are proposed.
