ABSTRACT
Infrastructure plays a crucial role in the well-being and affluence of societies. For instance, economic and soft infrastructure systems like hospitals, schools, transportation, electricity, telecommunication, drinking water supply, treatment and disposal of wastewater, and information and communications technology are the mainstay for economic development, competitiveness and inclusive growth globally. It is therefore important to understand all aspects between the relationship of major infrastructure to economic growth and sustainability. Greater efficiencies created by sustainable major infrastructure can result in waste reduction, reduced energy consumption, limited depleted resources and minimised air pollution. However, it is commonly accepted (Bhattacharya et al., 2019a; Rozenberg and Fay, 2019, New Climate Economy Report 2018) that the majority of the existing infrastructure around the world are still not sustainable in the long term. Hence, there is an increasingly urgent need to implement changes either by modification of existing infrastructure or by the provision of additional infrastructure.
