ABSTRACT
Skin is a habitat of various beneficial and harmless microorganisms; however, the disease states of skin have different microbiome composition as compared to healthy skin. Multiple factors govern the variability of unique microbiome in disease conditions including the host genetic and environmental factors. Currently, a plethora of data are available describing the skin microbiome and their role in healthy and diseased skin conditions. These studies provide an insight into the links between human physiological functions and skin microbiome. This chapter describes the updated information regarding the skin microbiome, its impact on different skin diseases, and the mechanisms of biological functions involved of the skin and gut microbiome. In addition, the chapter also provides all the available preclinical and animal studies for depicting the current clinical picture of skin microbiome in different skin conditions such as psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, acne, rosacea, and vitiligo. Although the relationship link between gut microbiome and skin diseases has partly been understood, the experimental studies provide new insights into the function of probiotics in the improvement of human skin physiology. Therefore, intervention of probiotics and prebiotics for amelioration of skin diseases with different mechanisms involved is also discussed. Overall, we summarize the current understanding of host–microbe interaction on the skin and therapeutic roles of probiotics and prebiotics in different disease conditions such as dermatitis, skin infections, psoriasis, and vitiligo.
