ABSTRACT
One of the major challenges facing by investigators of ecologists, biologists, and microbiologists is to study the microbiome diversity analysis in several fields viz., agriculture, medicine, and life sciences, for better outcomes for the enhancement of life on earth. There are numerous tools available for sequencing (NGS [next-generation sequencing] and third-generation sequencing). Unfortunately, it was faced with several issues when sequencing to the preparation of high-throughput “big data.” We are lacking in knowledge and working skills about sample collection (vast area), nucleic acid extraction, sequencing (selection of tool), assembling, computation analysis (less number of standards), interpretation and results, and description ability due to low interface of human–computer intelligence. While these conditions were transformed by new adaption technologies (nanopore and fibro-fluidic DNA sequencing), the problems were overcome with a rapid accuracy. The alpha and beta diversity analysis are applicable at extinct and extant landscapes (α-diversity) with high complexity (β-diversity). These diversity analyses were visualized and interpreted with web-based tools, viz., shiny diversity and VAMPS (visualization and analysis of microbial population structures— https://vamps.mbl.edu">https://vamps.mbl.edu) for extreme population. In the future, we need knowledge and skills in the initial stage of collection to preserve data with privacy. Day-by day increasing knowledge in sciences (apps and software) quickly enhances the sequencing and analysis.
