ABSTRACT
This chapter offers two complementary perspectives that enrich the American literature: a multilevel approach and the contextualization of competence management. Required competences are often based on rather general definitions of competences. They can refer to competences within a professional domain or even to a professional field, covering all possible professions and domains by considering competence as something that goes beyond specific professions and domains. The concept of competence has thus moved from an employment-related context to an organizational context. A multilevel approach refers to the simultaneous and integrated study of at least two levels of analysis: for example, the individual and the group, the organization and the network, the functional department, the company, and the line of business. In conclusion, multilevel and contextualized approaches provide a global framework for thinking about contemporary competence management issues and allow a renewal of research on the subject.
