ABSTRACT

The purpose of this entry is to provide quantitative comparisons between all of the various hybrid-electric options. Comparisons are also made with greenhouse gas emissions from hydrogen-fueled vehicles. The results shown in tables indicate that greenhouse gas emissions are small or negligible when the electricity or hydrogen is produced using nuclear or solar (wind, photovoltaic, hydro, or renewable) energy. However, when fossil fuels (coal, oil, or natural gas) are used, the greenhouse gas emissions are greater than for gasoline-fueled vehicles in most cases.