ABSTRACT
Buildings account for more than 30% of global energy use, and thus they offer considerable potential for energy-efficiency improvements and greenhouse gas emission reduction. The transition toward a sustainable urban environment requires exploring various technical measures that could considerably improve end-use efficiencies. Urban building energy modelling is one of the most extensively used techniques for analysing the effectiveness of different energy-efficiency policies on the district or city-scale. Urban-scale energy modelling is another approach to urban energy simulation that considers physical systems and phenomena, such as climatology, building physics, user behaviour, urban morphology, local energy resource availability, land use, and transportation.
