ABSTRACT
The age of quantum computing, where photonic independence is the key for making superposition states, leads to the ability of quantum particles to inhibit two contradictory states at the same instant. A major emphasis is given to utilize this property of photon in realizing information technology at extremely high-frequency through practical implementation of logic gates, and the branch is known as information optics. In-depth analysis of optical logic gates requires the knowledge of computational electromagnetic (CEM), where interaction between EM waves, in other way, can be viewed as an interaction between collections of photons. Maxwell equations are used in CEM to configure the interface of EM fields with the entity such as waveguide, spacecraft, antenna and their surroundings. CEM is generally categorized into numerical methods which include integral and differential equations, andhigh-frequency methods that consist of physical optics and geometric optics, whereas other methods include the modal method and generalized multiple techniques. CEM has a broad application in the design and analysis of antenna, satellite communication, RADAR, nanophotonics and other high-frequency devices. Associated with CEM,microwave and nanophotonics are a novel multidisciplinary area comprising of different technologies. Information optics and quantum information processing are the two upcoming concepts, which work for improvement of the present communication system, and therefore perfectly justified to add as icing on the cake for the present chapter.
