ABSTRACT
Barley is a diploid small-grain model organism and has frequently been used to integrate transgenic DNA of choice. Targeted mutagenesis intends in barley had been carried out using binary vectors harboring a Cas-expression cassette together with a gRNA transformed by A. tumefaciens or biolistic gene transfer. In this chapter, the frontiers and achievements of the currently used techniques in barley genome modification will be shown and discussed. The agronomic use of barley is restricted to animal food and some purposes in the human diet but, more important, it can also be seen as a model organism for more complex cereals such as wheat. In addition, one must know that a barley spikelet consists of flowers, of which in two-rowed barley only the middle flower is fertile and forms a grain. Since 2019 a COST Action to plant genome editing was funded and is aimed in collecting and strengthening European activities in this field.
