ABSTRACT
In the domain of wireless sensor network (WSN) routing in association with metaheuristics exhibits unique property of non-deterministic nature, helps applications to combat with physical environment, due to its dynamicity and not ensuring deterministic solution under every situation. That ensures metaheuristics proclaims its non-deterministic property for nearest optimal solutions. It greatly affects the routing in terms of perfection level, optimization, and accuracy, which results in minimization of power, space and energy achieving significant improvement while trading off in between resource consumption and timing. The concept of WANET (wireless ad-hoc network) or MANET (mobile ad-hoc network) would have been in a vogue, without metaheuristics techniques as its base, where time and energy as parameter tries to miniaturize the upper bound practically applicable. The resultant efficiency depends upon the success level of metaheuristics only, which accounts for optimality of the entire routing phase in association with several internal and external environments to adjust the output accordingly. The optimization algorithms ant colony optimization (ACO), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and firefly algorithm (FA) have been modified, which successfully combat many technical issues thereby broadening its implementation perspective in optimizing routing protocol in MANET and cluster-based WSN with utmost competency.
