ABSTRACT
Terrestrial and aquatic pollution by particulate plastics originates from urban and industrial waste sites, sewage outlets, stormwater, litter transported by systems, and litter discarded by the general public. Nanoplastics and microplastics are tiny plastic particles in different forms like foams, fragments, and fibers. Microplastic by-products include dust from cutting and polishing plastic items and by-products from maintenance of painted metal constructions, such as bridges and buildings, and high pressure washing of painted items. Biodegradable and chemically degradable particulate plastic products are frequently offered as better alternatives to traditional plastic items. Components of the infrastructure, such as stormwater drainage systems and garbage cans, are both contributors to the problem of plastic pollution in the marine environment and important source reduction measures. Particulate plastic solid wastes represent a major environmental problem, but innovations in the treatment and sustainable management of these waste resources can provide economic and social benefits.
