ABSTRACT
Bioenergy production in the form of high energy biofuels from sustainable resources with the help of green conversion and microbial-based technologies plays an essential role in the replacement of petroleum-based fuels with economic sustainability. Biofuel can be a viable alternative in reducing long-term carbon dioxide emissions. But the major challenge in agriculture is to achieve enhanced plant growth and biomass even under adverse environmental stressed conditions, both biotic and abiotic. Biotic, abiotic stresses, and suboptimal water are important limiting factors for biomass production. So stress-tolerant traits are important to enable feedstock and food crops. Plant-microbe interactions and male sterility preventing transgene escape create biotic stresses by silencing specific gene expressions of both protein-coding, non-protein-coding genes. Various abiotic stresses such as drought, metal, salt, cold, and heat can induce similar responses in plants, but each of these stresses actually induces a different set of genes. In this chapter, the study describes the various environmental stressed conditions and their potential avenues of reaping benefits of biofuel over production by environmental stresses while maintaining high yields of biomass production and transports.
