ABSTRACT
Recyclable by-products have been used as cementitious material for the past four decades in our area. Originally, the use of lignite fly ash as a partial replacement for Portland cement was a result of finding a use for a waste product. The turn of the century has coincided with the emergence of a new philosophy with regard to the use of cementitious materials. This philosophy, based on the purposeful reuse of waste stream materials, embraces incorporating various combinations of cement, granulated slag, fly ash, and micro silica in the production of concrete. In light of environmental controls on the production of cement, shortages of suitable source materials, and an ever-growing worldwide demand for concrete, Minnesota Concrete Council (MCC) believes this new approach is here to stay. The intent of this study is to understand the effect each of these cementitious materials has on concrete durability. The Establishing Optimum Mixture Proportions for Concrete Durability has been a result of understanding the enhancements provided by the use of recyclable by-products.
