ABSTRACT
Most of the studies on the transmission of isolated nuclei or cytoplasmic genetic elements via protoplast fusion are rather and therefore were not included in the latest review on microbial protoplast fusion and its applications. The protoplast fusion technique has proved to be the method of choice to study the restoration of the respiratory competence of the “micro-colony” cells of Kluyveromyces lactis. J. F. T. Spencer and D. M. Spencer demonstrated that mitochondrial resistance mutations can serve as markers for isolation of potential industrial strains without the inselected for transmission to a partnertroduction of undesirable characteristics into the nuclear genome. The achievements in the transfer of isolated nuclei and cytoplasmic genetic elements by protoplast fusion present a rather heterogeneous picture. Certain areas are well advanced, whereas others are less so, suffering from inconsistencies and from the lack of exact biochemical and genetic analyses. Bacterial–yeast interkingdom protoplast fusion with simultaneous plasmid transfer was carried out by A. J. Kingsman et al.
