ABSTRACT
Infertility has been defined as failure to conceive within 1 year of unprotected coitus. Primary infertility refers to couples who had never achieved conception. Secondary infertility may follow one or more previous conceptions. The following elements are essential in order for intrauterine conception to be initiated: the testis — to produce an adequate quantity of viable sperm with normal morphology, motility, and property of fertilization; the ovary, which releases a mature oocyte; the sperm and oocytes must be able to meet at a proper time; and endometrial preparation for successful embryo implantation. The uterus has many significant roles in conception, implantation, and maintenance of conception. Uterine abnormalities directly responsible for infertility are congenital anomalies, myomatous tumors, intrauterine adhesions, endometritis, and adenomyosis. Abnormalities of the cervix and its secretion are reported to be responsible for infertility in 5 to 10% of couples.
