ABSTRACT
The kidneys expend a large amount of energy in fulfilling their role in the reabsorption and secretion of solutes and water. The energy to support reabsorption and secretion is derived from the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The primary consumer of ATP within the renal cell is the sodium/potassium adenosinetriphosphatase. ATP is generated in the kidney by both aerobic and anaerobic processes. Mitochondrial density is highest in the proximal convoluted and straight tubules, the medullary and cortical ascending limb tubules, and the distal convoluted tubule. The factors which make the kidney a select target of any toxic compound include extensive accumulation, metabolic activation, and/or functional targeting. The reabsorptive and secretory capacities of renal tubules may result in extensive accumulation of compounds within the tubular cells. The utilization of oxygen by the sample contained in a sealed chamber is measured by the use of an oxygen electrode connected to a monitor and a recorder.
