ABSTRACT
A high-level strategic perspective on toilet distribution across the city is needed, creating a spatial hierarchy of toilet provision that is appropriate to toilet needs in each locality. Toilet “hotspots” need to be identified. For example, the city centre generates high levels of toilet need, being the focus of retail, tourist, and employment activities. Secondary district centres and local points of attraction also need to be identified where toilet demand is likely to be high, such as around sports stadia or tourist attractions. Decisions about toilet location should be based on adopting traditional spatial planning techniques, based on a “survey, analysis, plan” approach, along with public participation and consultation. Toilets need to be provided to serve green spaces within cities, such as in parks, playing fields, allotments and landscaped areas. Many such localities were originally equipped with public toilets but many have been closed.
