ABSTRACT
The shear stress — shear strain response of saturated clay under undrained conditions is generally stress path dependent. The calculated loading capacity and deformations using an isotropic material model may therefore be inappropriate. Application of an anisotropic hardening material model in finite element simulation of a retaining wall loaded to failure is used to demonstrate this effect. For the anisotropic material model the shear stress — shear strain behaviour is given by interpolation between three sets of hardening curves representing the clay behaviour in triaxial compression, direct simple shear and triaxial extension type of undrained loading.
