ABSTRACT
The average precipitation is about 1,219 mm, of which 30 % (363 mm) flows off, 56 % (684 mm) evaporates and 14 % (171 mm) recharges groundwater in the Lei-Basin area of Islamabad and Rawalpindi. The periodic variability of precipitation, floods and droughts, aquifer over-mining and contamination are few of the important challenges of water resources management in this area.
