Transient salt transport modeling of shallow brine beneath a freshwater lake, Sea of Galilee, Israel

The Sea of Galilee is a freshwater lake into which saline groundwater emerges through onshore and offshore springs and through flux from the lake’s sediments. This study aims (1) to delineate the brine entrapped beneath the lake using geoelectic survey; (2) to understand the brine entrapment mechanism considering the paleohydrology of the groundwater-lake system using numerical simulations; and (3) to quantify seepage rates of brine into the lake using numerical simulations.