ABSTRACT

The application of the concepts of energetics can be applied to the study of echinoderms at all levels of organization; molecular, tissue and organ, organism, and population. Such an approach is unifying and allows the transfer of information between levels. The approach also provides a qualitatively different type of information. Knowledge about the energetics of echinoderms is incomplete at any level and is completely absent for almost all groups, ways of life, and environments.