The Author analyses the situation of trypanosomiasis in Mozambique and refers its importance to the livestock production due to the presence of tsetse-fly in 2/3 of that country. After revising the extention, continuity and weak vulnerability of the more important fly-belts common both to Mozambique and several neighbouring territories, the Author considers some relevant and urgent questions to determine where, under what circunstances, how and when actions must be taken aiming the land recuperation and minimizing the threat represented by the tsetse species, mainly G. morsitans and G. pallidipes.