ABSTRACT
Infectious diseases are among the most substantial global health problems, responsible for causing a considerable number of deaths annually all over the world. Their threats can be realized from current outbreaks of several infectious diseases in various regions of the world. In light of this, it is critical to effectively manage these diseases. Successful clinical management of these diseases entirely depends upon the techniques that are used for their initial detection, because detection is the leading stage in the expedition of control and finally eradication of the disease. Numerous methods are in use at the current time, such as microscopic detection, cell culturing, immunoassays, colorimetric tests, molecular genotyping, DNA microarrays, biosensors etc. All of these methods have their own efficiencies, sensitivities and shortcomings. Among these electrochemical biosensor technologies are recent advanced technologies. These have a potential to detect diseases at their specific point of care. These technologies outdo other methods in regards to their speed, sensitivity, accuracy and cost. This chapter describes the principle of biosensors and their composition with reference to different diseases, techniques, distinct features, classification and clinical applications. Future perspectives and challenges to be overcome are also discussed.
