ABSTRACT
Fenugreek seed is a well-known medicinal plant due to having high bioactivity and phytochemical properties. In this chapter, the saponin and phenolic bioactive compounds of fenugreek were evaluated after a microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) method. The extract of fenugreek seed was optimized using different variables such as time of extraction (2–4 min), ethanol concentration (40–80%), microwave power (500–700 W), and ratio of feed-to-solvent (1:8–1:12 g/mL) via response surface methodology (RSM). The optimized extract was characterized using LC-QTOF-MS to evaluate the bioactive compounds of saponin and phenolics. Results indicated that the best extraction condition were 3 min, 600 W, 60% ethanol and 1:10 g/mL ratio of feed-to-solvent. The results of LC-QTOF-MS also indicated the presence of 58 saponins and 27 phenolic compounds in the optimized extract of fenugreek seed. The extract also indicated a good ABTS and DPPH antioxidant activities. Hence, the application of fenugreek seed extract as a good source of saponins, phenolics, and antioxidants can be suggested for food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical products.
