ABSTRACT
Sustainable supply chain models and carbon emissions tracking are two of the most talked-about subjects in today's world. Models of cost-based freight transportation are being developed to help operations and supply chain management in addressing the “last-mile challenge”. Carbon emissions are being included into these models. These models can aid decision-makers in increasing the management's aim to reduce carbon emissions to the greatest extent possible. This research provides a framework for evaluating an appropriate trade-off between transportation costs and carbon emissions by comparing the best solutions that emerge from the use of alternative delivery systems.
