ABSTRACT
This chapter provides a structural model and a design methodology for mobility planning in an urban area. Transport “components” are modelled by subarea and submode in terms of line length, station spacing and fleet size, and the variables that describe them are factors of functions that express service quality and production costs. Roadway networks are modelled with a macroscopic fundamental diagram that relates road service quality (speed to travel) to the flow capacity of roads and vehicle traffic. Local and global environmental impacts are considered. Travel demand includes both mode-dependent users and “flexible” travellers who are able to choose the mode that best suits them. The design methodology involves a mathematical programme to optimise a well-being function with respect to the design variables and public transport fare rates. Two definitions of well-being are given: the first incorporates the surplus of the demanders and the profits of the producers, while the second also adds the monetarisation of the environmental performances. A simulation exercise applied to Greater Paris shows that there is room to optimise the mobility system by benefitting all the parties concerned, and that the explicit inclusion of environmental impacts brings about a significant shift in the package of policy set-ups.
