ABSTRACT
Vibrios are short curved or straight cells, which are single or united into spirals. Distinguishing species of the genus Vibrio from other related genera can be presumptively accomplished by examining Gram stains of carefully prepared specimens, followed by electron microscopy to confirm morphology. "Round bodies" or spheroplasts are commonly present during various stages of growth, and fimbriae have been observed in strains of Vibrio cholerae. In the past decade, a cholera outbreak in Haiti occurred after the earthquake of 2010 and in October 2016, another outbreak was reported in Yemen after war. Strains of biotype 1 are responsible for most human infections and biotype 2 is primarily pathogenic for eels, but may also act as an opportunistic human pathogen. In an aquatic environment, most notably infectious disease outbreaks will depend on climate change, including warm air with low river flows, heavy rainfall, and also extreme weather events.
