ABSTRACT
The cellular mechanism of acquisition of antibiotic resistance occurs through the interaction of antibiotics and bacteria in the environments. Several studies have demonstrated the association of antibiotic use with the emergence of resistance. One of the major threats to public health is the constant rise in the progression of resistance to antimicrobial drugs, which is a leading cause of development and relapse of infectious disease. The dearth of available antibiotics to treat Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae combined with the looming resistance growth in hospitals has prompted several initiatives for the development of new antibiotics. Maximizing clinical outcomes, while minimizing the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (and other adverse effects associated with suboptimal antimicrobial drug use), falls under the purview of antimicrobial stewardship. Antimicrobial stewardship programs in hospitals seek to optimize antimicrobial prescribing to improve individual patient care as well as reduce hospital costs and slow the spread of antimicrobial resistance.
