ABSTRACT
From the past six decades, the technology that has evolved as a field is artificial intelligence (AI). The term AI signifies the intelligence shown by machines and works contrary to the natural intelligence that is illustrated by all living objects. AI is a multidisciplinary field that amalgamates diverse subfields such as engineering, biology, linguistics, mathematics, and computer science. On a major part, AI deals with problem-solving concerns in various scenarios, learning as well as reasoning. AI has a dynamic nature and deals with an unimaginable volume of data (facts and figures). The concept of AI is presented in this chapter in detail. Currently, the AI domain is categorized into three subgroups, namely, weak AI, strong AI, and the superintelligence aspect. In the research sector, AI is still in its initial stages and has a weak AI perspective. This chapter focuses on these subgroups and also tries to relate it to the normal lifestyle of a person. There are diverse ways in which AI is providing a convenient lifestyle to people that include digital media, self-driving cars, fraud prevention, recommendations, etc. One particular example of a self-driving car is autonomous land vehicle in a neural network. AI also provides home-security solutions for enhancing the lifestyle of people. This chapter focuses on these approaches of AI. Machine learning (ML), which is a subgroup of AI, is also growing at a tremendous pace in the field of research and development. This chapter also highlights the importance of ML in research and development and also focuses on its types and techniques. The types include supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning. The techniques include regression, classification, clustering, and deep learning concepts. In the computer science and engineering domain, there are various techniques and approaches for AI also. The era of AI is divided into three subdomains, namely, neural network (the 1950s), ML (the 1980s), and the deep learning scenario (present day). In the year 1994, an AI program “Deep Blue” has beaten the chess grandmaster Garry Kasparov. The details of it are also highlighted in this chapter, along with the other examples of AI. The diverse and unique approaches of AI include support vector machines (SVMs), artificial neural networks (ANNs), natural language processing (NLP), etc. SVM analyzes data that is used for the process of regression and classification. It is a supervised learning algorithm. With the help of AI, the interaction between the human and computer in a natural language can be performed. This depicts another subdomain of AI, i.e., NLP. In human brain, there is a biological neural network that depicts the form of natural intelligence. When this neural network computation is performed using machines, it depicts an ANN that is a collection of interconnected nodes. All these techniques and approaches are well depicted in this chapter. Moreover, this chapter also depicts the diverse examples of AI that have revolutionized the world and had made the lives of the people easy and convenient.
