ABSTRACT
Performing a comprehensive evaluation of the upper airway requires clinical expertise, procedural skill, and a safe environment with proper equipment and support personnel. Flexible bronchoscopy, rigid bronchoscopy, and hybrid techniques are often complementary, with distinct and overlapping indications for evaluation of the upper airway. This chapter describes the basic equipment, technique, and considerations of performing microdirect laryngoscopy and rigid bronchoscopy in children. Key images, videos, and clinical pearls are presented.
