ABSTRACT
Computers are considered as an important part of human life. As information is increasing rapidly in day-to-day life, different solutions for accessing it were introduced. Wireless networks are best suited when there is no infrastructure-based model available. The network consists of nodes that are employed in the transferring of information from the source to destinations. These nodes work over radio frequency and have various characteristics such as dynamic network topology, distributed operation, absence of central coordinator, autonomous terminal, and multihop routing. The nodes are mobile, and this results in frequent topology changes, due to which routing is a main issue. Some other issues include restrictions over energy resources; for this, energy must be preserved in order to enhance the lifetime of network. As deployment is different from the wired approach, a proper planning and an estimation of the future growth are required. Secure mechanisms must be introduced to have a secure communication. In this chapter, we present different routing algorithms. Also, the comparison between the throughput and end-to-end delay is calculated over ns2 simulator. Two optimization techniques—ant colony optimization and swarm intelligence–based optimization—have been discussed.
