ABSTRACT
Owing to increasing contamination in the environment across the globe, mainly in developing nations, pollutants always have been a widely discussed topic and it will continue to be so far in several coming years. Heavy metal pollution is emphasized in particular, taking into consideration the variability and the robustness of contamination processes plus its harmful impacts on soil, crops, and human health. Many aspects of the environment, biotic as well as abiotic, are mostly affected by heavy metal toxicity. Urbanization, agricultural practices, absorption of hazardous waste in the atmosphere along inability to break the cycle of pollution are all major factors that make these metal pollutants threatening by nature. Metals exist in a stable system in the environment as a natural element of the surface of the earth, with a variety of habitats thriving. They are involved in many physiochemical, as well as metabolic responses, and functions in biological processes. Metals are, in a way, of cellular existence, as protein-stabilizing elements, enzymes, and cofactors of essential constituents of biomolecules, and their abundance or scarcity affects metabolic processes, resulting in a variety of ailments. This implementation has encouraged us to reconsider how we use the natural resources as well as how we work on them, and how we might minimize or eradicate the harm we have created, and concentrate on sustainable development, for the sake of coming generations.
