ABSTRACT
The United States has one of the highest maternal morbidity and mortality rates in the Western world. Much of the rise in maternal mortality can be attributed to the rapid increase in chronic diseases in women secondary to poor lifestyle behaviors. Over one-third of women entering pregnancy have at least one chronic disease, the most common being obesity. The rise in chronic diseases in women has also led to an increase in adverse pregnancy outcomes, and neonatal morbidity and mortality primarily from the rise in preterm deliveries. Women of color have a disproportionate amount of high-risk pregnancies and mortality. This chapter examines lifestyle behaviors that increase adverse pregnancy outcomes and maternal morbidity and mortality. In addition, it discusses how to apply Lifestyle Medicine principles during pregnancy in order to improve the health of women, including how to reverse chronic diseases. Practical management tips ranging from nutrition to emotional wellness that enhance the health of the mother and baby are given.
