ABSTRACT
There are various environmental factors that can affect the life cycle of citrus plants, such as high temperature, heat waves, drought, humidity, precipitation regime change, cool temperature and frost, solar radiation, rising carbon dioxide (CO2) levels. They may adversely affect citrus growth, flowering, fruit set, fruit drop, fruit enlargement, fruit yield, fruit characteristics and fruit quality, alternate bearing, pest and diseases. On the other hand, changes in the precipitation regime, heavy and long rainfall, lead to the inability of fruits to be harvested in time, fruits deterioration, fruit disorders and fruit losses. Producers suffer from the losses caused by the changes, and their practices to deal with these problems push up considerable economic cost. This chapter covers the possible changes in climatic conditions as a result of global warming and their direct and indirect effects on citrus plants. In addition, the methods of dealing with these stress factors and how they can affect citrus trading have been discussed.
