ABSTRACT
The uncontrolled proliferation of immature cells results in the formation of a tumor mass. Tumor grading is often used to describe the aggressiveness of a tumor based on the morphological nature of the cell and how the cells looks under a microscope. The nuclear protein Ki67 is the most common proliferation marker used to measure cell proliferation activity. Recent studies have shown promising correlation results between the Ki67 labeling index with prognosis and predictions of recurrence. Manual counting based on a printed image is a well-known technique as this technique delivers results with high accuracy. However, the manual annotation and counting process of this technique is highly subjective, as it is based on a pathologist’s experience. Besides, this technique is time-consuming and requires additional costs. This chapter discusses the development of a CAD system for assisting pathologists in determining tumor grading based on counting Ki67 cells. With the development of this CAD system and the implementation of digital image analysis, it will speed up the process of identifying and counting Ki67 cells, thus improving the effectiveness and accuracy of the cell counting process.
