ABSTRACT
The main concern of computer scientists is that artificial intelligence (AI) behaves like a person with intelligent behavior; as one computer expert stated: “The goal of AI is to develop machine that behave as though they were intelligent”. This chapter discusses the short history of AI development and the current commercial investment in AI, and examines some operational basis of AI. It also discusses the inductive learning principles of information acquisition used in machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL). One of the most common usages of ML in medicine is to assist disease diagnosis. The DL system usually contains multiple layers of artificial neural networks. The chapter deals with “supervised” algorithms for computer learning, a process geared to achieving a defined target outcome. For computational tasks involving sequential inputs, such as language and speech, recurrent neural network is commonly the preferred choice.
