ABSTRACT
Industrial Revolution 4.0 refers to how technologies like autonomous vehicles, artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) are uniting with humans’ physical lives. Precise application and management of agricultural inputs is a challenging task in present-day agriculture. Green Revolution focused on improving crop productivity through the use of genetically modified seeds, agrochemicals and fertilizers. Due to the excessive dosage of agrochemicals and fertilizers, there are severe environmental concerns and many health problems observed. Moreover, freshwater availability is depleting day by day, and preservation of this natural resource is the need of the hour. In recent years, the prime focus has shifted toward optimizing the agriculture inputs without any adverse effect on crop yield. Upon applying agriculture inputs at the right amount, right time and right place during crop cultivation, there is a chance to reduce the input cost. These things are possible only when we can capture plants’ present growth status, information on soil nutrient and moisture status and weather conditions in real time. AI, IoT and autonomous vehicles have become a part of the agriculture sector. The rapid growth and new innovations in the domain of AI for agriculture process control and a variety of monitoring tasks have spawned a parallel growth in the sensor requirements for measuring, recording and controlling the process variable. The present study provides detailed applications of different sensors in the field of precision agriculture, i.e. irrigation, fertilization, pest control and greenhouse.
