ABSTRACT
322The menace of pollution has spread globally with the rapid growth of industries and has mostly affected water. Pollutants of different kinds like physical, chemical, radioactive, and infective microscopic biological substances pass through water resources like oceans, lakes, ponds, rivers, and thus degrade the quality and essence of water, which often leads to the detrimental and negative effect on various aquatic species. Animals, plants, planktons, and microbes act as bio-indicators and are used to monitor the well-being of the natural environment. The bio-indicators discover their main utility in evaluating ecological well-being and bio-geographic alterations taking place in the natural ecosystem. Almost all the biological entities reveal the health of its environment like plankton; these respond quickly to slight fluctuations occurring in the natural environment and thus serve as an important biomarker for reflecting the water quality and in also monitoring the water pollution. Plankton reveals the fitness of aquatic flora, and act as primary warning indicators. In the past, various attempts of examining and monitoring techniques came to the forefront that could improve the capability of perceiving more pollutants in less time, and at lesser concentrations. The technique of bio-monitoring or biological monitoring is an important and essential means through which the quality of water can be assessed, in which morphological, biochemical, and physiological alterations occur in indicators and are being related to particular environmental pollution.
