ABSTRACT
The article describes the basic provisions of the multicomponent underground space on the example of Saint Petersburg, which is proposed to be used when conducting surveys of the state of underground structures of architectural and historical monuments of the city, as well as when performing engineering surveys for drawing up projects for their reconstruction and restoration. The article provides an overview of the sources of contamination of the underground environment in the historical period of the city’s existence and the previous past. Special attention is paid to the influence of underground microorganisms on the state and properties of sandy-clay soils, the composition and condition of underground waters, biochemical gas generation, and, as a result, the formation of biocorrosion processes about ancient and modern building materials. The principles of improving the existing regulatory documents during engineering surveys for the preparation of projects for the reconstruction and restoration of cultural heritage objects are proposed. The complex of engineering surveys offers a mandatory analysis of the possibility of filtration consolidation of soils, the study of hydrogeological conditions and biochemical gas formation in situ, the assessment of microbiological contamination of soils and groundwater by various methods. The obtained results should be used as a basis for improving the reliability of the model of interaction of a binary system: an architectural and historical monument and a multicomponent underground environment.
