ABSTRACT
There are many methods of restraint and control used in law-enforcement. This Chapter focusses on those used for restraint and control, particularly of individuals who may be acutely behaviorally disturbed (see Chapter 72). Some of these methods may include devices classified internationally as less-lethal weapons (see Chapter 85). States and governments are generally responsible for their implementation and how they are utilized. Forensic practitioners may be asked to assess medical effects which are part of the intended effect of the method of restraint or control, or to assess injuries and other unintended consequences of such deployment. Methods of restraint and control including handcuffs, batons, chemical irritant sprays, kinetic energy projectiles are discussed and their effects and complications summarized.
