ABSTRACT
Nanobiotechnology is currently operating in various science domains and is based on nanomaterials and devices at the nanometer scale (1–100 nm). Nanomaterials have been a common material for developing new cutting-edge applications in communications, biosensing, energy storage, data storage, optics, transmission, environmental protection, cosmetics, biology, and medicine due to their extraordinary optical, mechanical, electrical, and magnetic properties. Moreover, owing to its unique properties and utility, which arises from various attributes, namely the size of nanoparticles and biomolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids with a wide range of metals and semiconductor materials (fluorescence and magnetic behavior). Thus, there is an urgent need for knowledge pertaining to the relationship between size, shape, and structure of nanomaterials and how one can tune their capability for electronic and chemical interactions with biological molecules and their implications in biosensors. Nanomaterials are gaining important applications in the fields of biomedical, agricultural, and environmental domains. However, designing new applicable and affordable scaling-up manufacturing techniques will create a new field of study and meet various human requirements. Hence, this chapter briefly introduces nanomaterials and their prospects and broad-spectrum applications, majorly in biomedical, environmental, and agricultural domains.
