ABSTRACT
The precise and early detection of biomarkers for several diseases, including cancers and viral infections, increases the chances for effective treatment and preventing the onset of disease. While several analytical biosensing systems for biomarker detection have been established, there is a room for improvement in the precise and early diagnosis of numerous diseases using metal nanomaterials. As such, there is an increasing interest in the use of metal nanomaterials in biosensors to measure biomarkers such as DNA, RNA, protein, and other small molecules. In this chapter, we introduce metal nanomaterial-integrated biosensors that can be harnessed for the primary and accurate measurement of biomarkers related to diseases. Applicable metal nanomaterials are introduced, including gold (Au), silver (Ag), and other pure metals and hybrids. In addition, the chapter discusses analytical methods such as electrochemical, electrical, optical, and other techniques that utilize specific biological reactions (antigen-antibody binding, enzymatic reaction, aptamer-based binding, complementary binding, and others) with metal nanomaterials to improve diagnostic functions.
