ABSTRACT
Kidney failures are becoming more and more common, and despite the availability of treatment, management of kidney disease currently represents a major global healthcare challenge. Thus, there is a need to develop therapies based on new technologies that can help to overcome the existing challenges. With the rapid advancement in the characterization of biological and physicochemical properties of nanomaterial, the application of nanomaterials in medicine is the focus of interest in most human diseases, including kidney disease. Advancement in nanomaterial applications in terms of targeted drug delivery, binding to renal tissue, better efficacy and solubility of drugs, along with decreased off-target side effects are of particular interest. Nanomaterials can monitor the primary processes in vital organs, such as blood flow, renal filtration, and cardiovascular functions. It can contribute to the diagnosis, monitoring, control, prevention, and treatment of kidney diseases. This chapter primarily outlines properties of nanomaterials useful in kidney-disease management and highlights the challenges, prospects, and opportunities of nanomaterial-mediated therapies in kidney-disease treatment. Additionally, we have also attempted to discuss some of the ongoing preclinical and clinical trials testing nanomaterials for kidney-disease treatment.
