ABSTRACT
Advancement in the tissue engineering field and the entry of biomaterials led to the development of novel strategies for bone regeneration. Numerous materials were used for bone tissue engineering applications over several years and given three generations of material for bone regeneration application. Materials that properly respond to the human system, prevent on-site infection, are bioinert, and induce bone regeneration were essentially needed. Hydroxyapatite [Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2] is a biocompatible, biodegradable, osteoconductive material and its excellent functional properties help to act as bone filler or bone graft materials. The structure, surface reactivity, mechanical strength, bioactivity, and desired property of materials were designed during the synthesis process. It is also intensively used as a composite form in combination with biopolymer, proteins, minerals, and metal. Several different forms and processes for the synthesis of hydroxyapatite are addressed here. This chapter explores the relationship between the hydroxyapatite and their biological effect on bone regeneration. Further, this chapter consists of in vitro and in vivo studies that describe the effective role of hydroxyapatite for the repair of damaged bone or regeneration of missing bone.
