ABSTRACT
This chapter provides an extensive overview of the emerging field of nanomaterials in synthetic applications of heterocyclic entities, including pyrazoles, indazoles, and pyrazolines. It discusses the nanocatalyzed synthesis of heterocyclic moieties, namely pyrazoles, indazoles, and pyrazolines. Dickinson et al. published the first report of pyrazole synthesis in 1964, where they used cyanoethylene and hydrazine to obtain aminocyanopyrazoles. Since then, the synthesis of pyrazole has been the subject of important research with a wide range of reagents and conditions. Some recent researchers have reported the synthesis of pyrazole derivatives with ionic liquids, iodine, metal oxide, and photocatalysts, among others. Pyrazoles are found in synthetic products and many natural compounds and show far-reaching biological activities. Pyrazole derivatives also have applications in pesticidal, herbicidal, and insecticidal activities. Nanocatalysis is a fascinating field in organic synthesis due to its numerous advantages, such as having a highly porous nature, a large surface area, a lower quantity requirement, mild reaction conditions, and being recyclable.
