ABSTRACT
Energy plays an exceptional role in human life, and its demand and supply have always been crucial factors in the evolution of civilization. Energy demand has increased dramatically over time or with increasing population. Energy has always been the most essential resource for achieving the improvement of human life, for example, for heating and cooling, operating electronic and electrical appliances, for transportation, communication, and recreation, etc. The battery is a collective arrangement of electrochemical cells in which chemical energy is converted into electricity and is used as a source of power by a chemical reaction, thereby storing the energy, which is subsequently released as electrons and ions. Batteries may also be classified by the type of electrolyte employed, either aqueous or non-aqueous systems. Lithium-ion batteries are commercially available and are mostly marketed as portable batteries. Most of the next-generation electrical and electronic devices rely on this energy storage system.
